Minimum Dietary Diversity and Anthropometric Measures of Nutritional Status among Children Aged 6–23 Months in Rural Noakhali, Bangladesh
Published: 16-09-2023
Page: 496-505
Issue: 2023 - Volume 2 [Issue 4]
Nahian Rahman *
Department of Food Technology and Nutrition Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Bangladesh.
Zannatul Ferdowsi
Department of Food Technology and Nutrition Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Bangladesh.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Background: Child under nutrition is a serious public health concern in a developing country like Bangladesh though significant improvement occurred in the last few decades. Dietary diversity is important for having balanced nutrition and in Bangladesh, only 39.6% of children aged 6–23 months receives the minimum acceptable diet. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to determine the association between the level of minimum dietary diversity practice and anthropometric measure (stunting) of nutritional status among children aged 6–23 months in rural Noakhali, Bangladesh.
Methods: A cross sectional study was undertaken in Noakhali, Bangladesh in April 2019. Data were collected by using a standard, structured and pretested questionnaire, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was carried out to identify factors associated with minimum dietary diversity scores for children.
Results: Minimum dietary diversity (MDD) score was found to be 61%; 40% children were stunted and only 13.4% stunted children achieved MDD. Children’s minimum dietary diversity is positively & strongly associated with the children nutritional indicator (stunting). In the multivariate analysis, children who had not achieved minimum dietary diversity had a higher risk for being stunted [adjusted Exp (B)= 0.012; 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.001–0.107, P=0.00] than the children who had achieved minimum dietary diversity. Similarly, mothers’ education and household size were also positively associated with minimum dietary diversity which effects were minimized in multivariate analysis.
Conclusion: The consumption of minimum dietary diversity was found to be moderate & more efforts need to be done to achieve the recommended minimum dietary diversity intake for all children aged between 6 and 23 months to tackle severe and moderate stunting.
Keywords: Minimum dietary diversity, stunting, infant and young child feeding practice, food groups, acceptable diet
How to Cite
Downloads
References
Research, National Institute of Population, Training, Mitra, Associates, Macro International. Institute for Resource Development. Demographic, and Health Surveys. Bangladesh demographic and health survey (National Institute of Population Research and Training (NIPORT)); 2011.
Abir, Tanvir, Kingsley Emwinyore Agho, Andrew Nicolas Page, Abul Hasnat Milton, and Michael John Dibley. 2015. 'Risk factors for under-5 mortality: evidence from Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey. BMJ Open. 2004–2011;5:e006722.
NIPORT, Mitra.. "and ICF: Bangladesh demographic and health survey 2014." In.: Technical report, National Institute of Population Research and Training; 2016.
UNICEF, Bangladesh.. 'National Micronutrients Status Survey' ; 2013.
Hasan, Mahamudul, Md Golam Rasul, Daluwar Hossain, Subhasish Das, Muttaquina Hossain, and Tahmeed Ahmed. 'A Stakeholder Consultative Meeting'; 2018.
Ayaya SO, FO Esamai, J Rotich, and AR Olwambula. 'Socio-economic factors predisposing under five-year-old children to severe protein energy malnutrition at the Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Eldoret, Kenya', East African Medical Journal. 2004;81:415-21.
Statistics, Bangladesh Bureau of.. 'National Low Birth Weight Survey of Bangladesh. Turck; 2005.
Organization, World Health.. 'Guiding principles for feeding non-breastfed children months of age'. 2005;6-24.
Senarath Upul, Michael J Dibley. 'Complementary feeding practices in South Asia: analyses of recent national survey data by the South Asia Infant Feeding Research Network', Maternal & Child Nutrition. 2012;8:5-10.
Daelmans, Bernadette, Kathryn Dewey, and Mary Arimond.. 'New and updated indicators for assessing infant and young child feeding', Food and Nutrition Bulletin. 2009;30:S256-S62.
Israel, Glenn D.. 'Determining Sample Size'; 1992.
FAO, FHI.'360', Minimum dietary diversity for women: A guide for measurement. Rome: FAO;2016.
Turck Dominique, Kim F Michaelsen, Raanan Shamir, Christian Braegger, Cristina Campoy, Virginie Colomb, Tamás Decsi, Magnus Domellöf, Mary Fewtrell, and Sanja Kolacek. 'World health organization child growth standards and 2007 growth reference charts: a discussion paper by the committee on nutrition of the European society for pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology, and nutrition', Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition. 2013;57: 258-64.
Gibson, Rosalind S. Principles of Nutritional Assessment (Oxford university press, USA); 2005.
Khanal Vishnu, Kay Sauer, Rajendra Karkee, and Yun Zhao.. 'Factors associated with small size at birth in Nepal: further analysis of Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2011', BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 2014;14:32.
Costello, Anthony, Stefan Peterson, Kumanan Rasanathan, Bernadette Daelmans, and Rajiv Bahl.. 'Where’s the leadership? Future commitments of Unicef and WHO for global child health', BMj. 2018;362:k3219.
Dangura, Dalecha, Samson Gebremedhin. 'Dietary diversity and associated factors among children 6-23 months of age in Gorche district, Southern Ethiopia: Cross-sectional study', BMC Pediatrics. 2017; 17:6.
Mekbib Ergib, Ashenafi Shumey, Semaw Ferede, and Fisaha Haile.. 'Magnitude and factors associated with appropriate complementary feeding among mothers having children 6–23 months-of-age in northern Ethiopia; a community-based cross-sectional study'. J Food Nutr Sci. 2014;2:36.
Saaka, Mahama, Asamoah Larbi, Sofo Mutaru, and Irmgard Hoeschle-Zeledon.. 'Magnitude and factors associated with appropriate complementary feeding among children 6–23 months in northern Ghana', BMC Nutrition. 2016;2:2.
Khan, Amir Maroof, Priscilla Kayina, Paras Agrawal, Anita Gupta, and Anjur Tupil Kannan.. 'A study on infant and young child feeding practices among mothers attending an urban health center in East Delhi', Indian journal of Public Health. 2012;56:301.
Aemro, Melkam, Molla Mesele, Zelalem Birhanu, and Azeb Atenafu. 2013. 'Dietary diversity and meal frequency practices among infant and young children aged 6–23 months in Ethiopia: a secondary analysis of Ethiopian demographic and health survey 2011', Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism; 2013.
Fekadu Abebaw, Girmay Medhin, Derege Kebede, Atalay Alem, Anthony J Cleare, Martin Prince, Charlotte Hanlon, and Teshome Shibre. 'Excess mortality in severe mental illness: 10-year population-based cohort study in rural Ethiopia', The British Journal of Psychiatry, 2015;206: 289-96.
Rao S, PM Swathi, B Unnikrishnan, and A Hegde. 'Study of complementary feeding practices among mothers of children aged six months to two years-A study from coastal south India', The Australasian Medical Journal. 2011;4:252.
Arimond Mary, Marie T Ruel.. 'Dietary diversity is associated with child nutritional status: evidence from 11 demographic and health surveys'. The Journal of Nutrition. 2004;134:2579-85.
Dwyer Johanna T, Nancy F Butte, Denise M Deming, Anna Maria Siega-Riz, and Kathleen C Reidy. 2010. 'Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study: progress, continuing concerns, and implications', Journal of the American Dietetic Association. 2008; 110:6.